Validation of the Spanish Version of the Questionnaire on Environmental Awareness in Nursing (NEAT).

Environmental awareness of the ecological problems caused by this climate crisis and its impact on global health has been growing globally. Nurses are health care agents that usually hurt the environment and contribute to the unsustainability of the care system. Such behavior is perpetuated without the nurses' awareness and is even magnified by the current pandemic, jeopardizing the health systems and the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is no Spanish version of any survey that measures the awareness of these agents, only the Nurses Environmental Awareness Tool (NEAT) is available. The current research presents a unique investigation based on a mixed method, using the Spanish version of the NEAT, also called NEAT-es. The results of the mixed analysis (N = 376), a cognitive interview, and descriptive analysis indicated perfect consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.80), better than the original. The survey validation achieved higher values and can be used to measure environmental awareness in Spain and Spanish-speaking countries.

Shockwave treatment for medial tibial stress syndrome in military cadets: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common injury in athletes and soldiers. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) in athletes with MTSS. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether one session of focused ESWT is effective in the treatment of military cadets with MTSS. DESIGN: A randomized, prospective, controlled, single-blind, parallel-group clinical study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Ib. SETTING: Military School of Cadets of the Colombian Army. METHODS: Forty-two military cadets with unilateral chronic MTSS were randomly assigned to either one session of focused electromagnetic ESWT (1500 pulses at 0.20 mJ/mm2) plus a specific exercise programme (muscle stretching and strengthening exercises) or the exercise programme alone. The primary endpoint was change in asymptomatic running test (RT) duration at four weeks from baseline. Secondary endpoints were changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) after running and modified Roles and Maudsley (RM) score also at four weeks from baseline. RESULTS: ESWT patients were able to run longer. Mean RT after four weeks was 17 min 33 s (SE: 2.36) compared to 4 min 48 s (SE: 1.03) in the exercise-only group (p = 0.000). Mean VAS after running was 2.17 (SE: 0.44) in the ESWT group versus 4.26 (SE: 0.36) in the exercise-only group (p = 0.001). The ESWT group had a significantly higher RM score, with excellent or good results for 82.6% of patients vs. 36.8% in the exercise-only group (p = 0.002). No significant adverse effects of ESWT were observed. CONCLUSION: A single application of focused shockwave treatment in combination with a specific exercise programme accelerates clinical and functional recovery in military cadets with MTSS.

Reliability and minimal detectable change of three functional tests: forward-lunge, step-up-over and sit-to-stand.

[Purpose] To examine the intrasession and intersession reliability and the absolute reliability of three functional dynamic tests-forward-lunge, step-up-over and sit-to-stand tests-using computerized dynamic posturography. [Subjects and Methods] An intra-test and test-retest, repeated measure study was designed. Forty-five healthy subjects twice carried out the forward-lunge test, step-up-over test, and sit-to-stand test on two days, one week apart. The intrasession and intersession reliabilities as judged by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the minimal detectable change of the three functional tests were calculated. [Results] Excellent to very good intrasession reliability of the forward-lunge test (ICC range of 0.9-0.8) was found. Very good to good intrasession reliability of the step-up-over test (ICC range of 0.9-0.5) was found and very good intrasession reliability of the sit-to-stand test (ICC range of 0.8-0.7) was found. The minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence level of most of the measures was lower than 30%. [Conclusion] The forward-lunge, step-up-over and sit-to-stand tests are reliable measurement tools.